The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the
Netherlands
Dear Bahá’í Friends,
We are glad that you have brought to our attention the
questions perplexing some of the believers. It is much better for these
questions to be put freely and openly than to have them, unexpressed, burdening
the hearts of devoted believers. Once one grasps certain basic principles of
the Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh such uncertainties are easily dispelled. This is
not to say that the Cause of God contains no mysteries. Mysteries there are
indeed, but they are not of a kind to shake one’s faith once the essential
tenets of the Cause and the indisputable facts of any situation are clearly
understood.
The questions put by the various believers fall into three
groups. The first group centers upon the following queries: Why were steps
taken to elect a Universal House of Justice with the foreknowledge that there
would be no Guardian? Was the time ripe for such an action? Could not the
International Bahá’í Council have carried on the work?
At the time of our beloved Shoghi Effendi’s death it was
evident, from the circumstances and from the explicit requirements of the Holy
Texts, that it had been impossible for him to appoint a successor in accordance
with the provisions of the Will and Testament of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá. This situation, in which the Guardian died without being
able to appoint a successor, presented an obscure question not covered by the
explicit Holy Text, and had to be referred to the Universal House of Justice.
The friends should clearly understand that before the election of the Universal
House of Justice there was no knowledge that there would be no Guardian. There
could not have been any such foreknowledge, whatever opinions individual
believers may have held. Neither the Hands of the Cause of God, nor the
International Bahá’í Council, nor any other existing body could make a decision
upon this all-important matter. Only the House of Justice had authority to
pronounce upon it. This was one urgent reason for calling the election of the
Universal House of Justice as soon as possible.
Following the passing of Shoghi Effendi the international
administration of the Faith was carried on by the Hands of the Cause of God
with the complete agreement and loyalty of the National Spiritual Assemblies
and the body of the believers. This was in accordance with the Guardian’s
designation of the Hands as the “Chief Stewards of Bahá’u’lláh’s embryonic
World Commonwealth.”
From the very outset of their custodianship of the Cause of
God the Hands realized that since they had no certainty of divine guidance such
as is incontrovertibly assured to the Guardian and to the Universal House of
Justice, their one safe course was to follow with undeviating firmness the
instructions and policies of Shoghi Effendi. The entire history of religion
shows no comparable record of such strict self-discipline, such absolute
loyalty and such complete self-abnegation by the leaders of a religion finding
themselves suddenly deprived of their divinely inspired guide. The debt of
gratitude which mankind for generations, nay, ages to come, owes to this
handful of grief-stricken, steadfast, heroic souls is beyond estimation.
The Guardian had given the Bahá’í world explicit and
detailed plans covering the period until Riḍván 1963, the end of the Ten Year
Crusade. From that point onward, unless the Faith were to be endangered,
further divine guidance was essential. This was the second pressing reason for
the calling of the election of the Universal House of Justice. The rightness of
the time was further confirmed by references in Shoghi Effendi’s letters to the
Ten Year Crusade’s being followed by other plans under the direction of the
Universal House of Justice. One such reference is the following passage from a
letter addressed to the National Spiritual Assembly of the British Isles on
25th February 1951, concerning its Two Year Plan which immediately preceded the
Ten Year Crusade:
On the success of this enterprise, unprecedented in its
scope, unique in its character and immense in its spiritual potentialities,
must depend the initiation, at a later period in the Formative Age of the
Faith, of undertakings embracing within their range all National Assemblies
functioning throughout the Bahá’í world—undertakings constituting in themselves
a prelude to the launching of worldwide enterprises destined to be embarked
upon, in future epochs of that same Age, by the Universal House of Justice,
that will symbolize the unity and coordinate and unify the activities of these
National Assemblies.
Having been in charge of the Cause of God for six years, the
Hands, with absolute faith in the Holy Writings, called upon the believers to
elect the Universal House of Justice, and even went so far as to ask that they
themselves be not voted for. The sole, sad instance of anyone succumbing to the
allurements of power was the pitiful attempt of Charles Mason Remey to usurp
the Guardianship.
The following excerpts from a Tablet of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá state clearly and emphatically the principles with which the
friends are already familiar from the Will and Testament of the Master and the
various letters of Shoghi Effendi, and explain the basis for the election of
the Universal House of Justice. This Tablet was sent to Persia by the beloved
Guardian himself, in the early years of his ministry, for circulation among the
believers.
"… for ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá is
in a tempest of dangers and infinitely abhors differences of opinion Praise be
to God, there are no grounds for differences.
"The Báb, the Exalted One, is the Morn of Truth, the splendor
of Whose light shineth through all regions. He is also the Harbinger of the
Most Great Light, the Abhá Luminary. The Blessed Beauty is the One promised by
the sacred books of the past, the revelation of the Source of light that shone
upon Mount Sinai, Whose fire glowed in the midst of the Burning Bush. We are,
one and all, servants of Their threshold, and stand each as a lowly keeper at
Their door.
"My purpose is this, that ere the expiration of a thousand
years, no one has the right to utter a single word, even to claim the station
of Guardianship. The Most Holy Book is the Book to which all peoples shall
refer, and in it the Laws of God have been revealed. Laws not mentioned in the
Book should be referred to the decision of the Universal House of Justice.
There will be no grounds for difference … Beware, beware lest anyone create a
rift or stir up sedition. Should there be differences of opinion, the Supreme
House of Justice would immediately resolve the problems. Whatever will be its
decision, by majority vote, shall be the real truth, inasmuch as that House is
under the protection, unerring guidance and care of the one true Lord. He shall
guard it from error and will protect it under the wing of His sanctity and
infallibility. He who opposes it is cast out and will eventually be of the
defeated.
"The Supreme House of Justice should be elected according to
the system followed in the election of the parliaments of Europe. And when the
countries would be guided, the Houses of Justice of the various countries would
elect the Supreme House of Justice.
At whatever time all the beloved of God in each country
appoint their delegates, and these in turn elect their representatives, and
these representatives elect a body, that body shall be regarded as the Supreme
House of Justice.
"The establishment of that House is not dependent upon the
conversion of all the nations of the world. For example, if conditions were
favorable and no disturbances would be caused, the friends in Persia would
elect their representatives, and likewise the friends in America, in India, and
other areas would also elect their representatives, and these would elect a
House of Justice. That House of Justice would be the Supreme House of Justice.
That is all."
(Makátíb-i-‘Abdu’l‑Bahá,
Vol. III, pp. 500–501)
The friends should realize that there is nothing in the
Texts to indicate that the election of the Universal House of Justice could be
called only by the Guardian. On the contrary, ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá envisaged the calling of its election in His own lifetime. At
a time described by the Guardian as “the darkest
moments of His [the Master’s] life,
under ‘Abdu’l-Ḥamíd’s
regime, when He stood ready to be deported to the most inhospitable regions of
Northern Africa,” and when even His life was threatened, ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá wrote to Ḥájí Mírzá Táqí Afnán, the cousin of the Báb and
chief builder of the ‘Ishqábád Temple, commanding him to arrange for the election
of the Universal House of Justice should the threats against the Master
materialize. The second part of the Master’s Will is also relevant to such a
situation and should be studied by the friends.
The second series of problems vexing some of the friends
centers on the question of the infallibility of the Universal House of Justice
and its ability to function without the presence of the Guardian. Particular
difficulty has been experienced in understanding the implications of the
following statement by the beloved Guardian:
"Divorced from the institution of the Guardianship the World
Order of Bahá’u’lláh would be mutilated and permanently deprived of that
hereditary principle which, as ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá
has written, has been invariably upheld by the Law of God. “In all the Divine
Dispensations,” He states, in a Tablet addressed to a follower of the Faith in
Persia, “the eldest son hath been given extraordinary distinctions. Even the
station of prophethood hath been his birthright.” Without such an institution the
integrity of the Faith would be imperiled, and the stability of the entire
fabric would be gravely endangered. Its prestige would suffer, the means
required to enable it to take a long, an uninterrupted view over a series of
generations would be completely lacking, and the necessary guidance to define
the sphere of the legislative action of its elected representatives would be
totally withdrawn."
(“The Dispensation of Bahá’u’lláh,” The World Order of
Bahá’u’lláh, p. 148)
Let the friends who wish for a clearer understanding of this
passage at the present time consider it in the light of the many other texts
which deal with the same subject, for example the following passages gleaned
from the letters of Shoghi Effendi:
"They have also, in unequivocal and emphatic language,
appointed those twin institutions of the House of Justice and of the
Guardianship as their chosen Successors, destined to apply the principles,
promulgate the laws, protect the institutions, adapt loyally and intelligently
the Faith to the requirements of progressive society, and consummate the
incorruptible inheritance which the Founders of the Faith have bequeathed to
the world."
(Letter dated 21 March 1930, The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh,
p. 20)
"It must be also clearly understood by every believer that
the institution of Guardianship does not under any circumstances abrogate, or
even in the slightest degree detract from, the powers granted to the Universal
House of Justice by Bahá’u’lláh in the “Kitábu’l-Aqdas,” and repeatedly and
solemnly confirmed by ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá in
His Will. It does not constitute in any manner a contradiction to the Will and
Writings of Bahá’u’lláh, nor does it nullify any of His revealed instructions. It
enhances the prestige of that exalted assembly, stabilizes its supreme
position, safeguards its unity, assures the continuity of its labors, without
presuming in the slightest to infringe upon the inviolability of its clearly
defined sphere of jurisdiction. We stand indeed too close to so monumental a
document to claim for ourselves a complete understanding of all its
implications, or to presume to have grasped the manifold mysteries it
undoubtedly contains.…"
(Letter dated 27 February 1929, The World Order of
Bahá’u’lláh, p. 8)
"From these statements it is made indubitably clear and
evident that the Guardian of the Faith has been made the Interpreter of the
Word and that the Universal House of Justice has been invested with the
function of legislating on matters not expressly revealed in the teachings. The
interpretation of the Guardian, functioning within his own sphere, is as
authoritative and binding as the enactments of the International House of
Justice, whose exclusive right and prerogative is to pronounce upon and deliver
the final judgment on such laws and ordinances as Bahá’u’lláh has not expressly
revealed. Neither can, nor will ever, infringe upon the sacred and prescribed
domain of the other. Neither will seek to curtail the specific and undoubted
authority with which both have been divinely invested."
(“The Dispensation of Bahá’u’lláh,” The World Order of
Bahá’u’lláh, pp. 149–50)
"Each exercises, within the limitations imposed upon it, its
powers, its authority, its rights and prerogatives. These are neither
contradictory, nor detract in the slightest degree from the position which each
of these institutions occupies."
(“The Dispensation of Bahá’u’lláh,” The World Order of
Bahá’u’lláh, p. 148)
"Though the Guardian of the Faith has been made the permanent
head of so august a body he can never, even temporarily, assume the right of
exclusive legislation. He cannot override the decision of the majority of his
fellow-members …"
(“The Dispensation of Bahá’u’lláh,” The World Order of
Bahá’u’lláh, p. 150)
Above all, let the hearts of the friends be assured by these
words of Bahá’u’lláh:
"The Hand of Omnipotence hath established His Revelation upon
an unassailable, an enduring foundation. Storms of human strife are powerless
to undermine its basis, nor will men’s fanciful theories succeed in damaging
its structure."
(The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh, p. 109)
and these of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá:
"Verily, God effecteth that which He pleaseth; naught can
annul His Covenant; naught can obstruct His favor nor oppose His Cause! He
doeth with His will that which pleaseth Him and He is powerful over all things!
…"
(Tablets of Abdul-Baha Abbas, Vol. III, p. 598)
It should be understood by the friends that before
legislating upon any matter the Universal House of Justice studies carefully
and exhaustively both the Sacred Texts and the Writings of Shoghi Effendi on
the subject. The interpretations written by the beloved Guardian cover a vast
range of subjects and are equally as binding as the Text itself.
There is a profound difference between the interpretations
of the Guardian and the elucidations of the House of Justice in exercise of its
function to “deliberate upon all problems which have caused difference,
questions that are obscure and matters that are not expressly recorded in the
Book.” The Guardian reveals what the Scripture means; his interpretation is a
statement of truth which cannot be varied. Upon the Universal House of Justice,
in the words of the Guardian, “has been conferred the exclusive right of
legislating on matters not expressly revealed in the Bahá’í writings.” Its
pronouncements, which are susceptible of amendment or abrogation by the House
of Justice itself, serve to supplement and apply the Law of God. Although not
invested with the function of interpretation, the House of Justice is in a
position to do everything necessary to establish the World Order of Bahá’u’lláh
on this earth. Unity of doctrine is maintained by the existence of the
authentic texts of Scripture and the voluminous interpretations of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá and Shoghi Effendi, together with the absolute prohibition
against anyone propounding “authoritative” or “inspired”
interpretations or usurping the function of Guardian. Unity of administration
is assured by the authority of the Universal House of Justice.
“Such,” in the words of Shoghi Effendi, “is the immutability
of His revealed Word. Such is the elasticity which characterizes the functions
of His appointed ministers. The first preserves the identity of His Faith, and
guards the integrity of His law. The second enables it, even as a living
organism, to expand and adapt itself to the needs and requirements of an
ever-changing society.”
(Letter dated 21 March 1930, The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh,
p. 23)
Every true believer, if he is to deepen in his understanding
of the Cause of Bahá’u’lláh, must needs combine profound faith in the unfailing
efficacy of His Message and His Covenant, with the humility of recognizing that
no one of this generation can claim to have embraced the vastness of His Cause
nor to have comprehended the manifold mysteries and potentialities it contains.
The words of Shoghi Effendi bear ample testimony to this fact:
"How vast is the Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh! How great the magnitude
of His blessings showered upon humanity in this day! And yet, how poor, how
inadequate our conception of their significance and glory! This generation
stands too close to so colossal a Revelation to appreciate, in their full
measure, the infinite possibilities of His Faith, the unprecedented character
of His Cause, and the mysterious dispensations of His Providence."
(Letter dated 21 March 1930, The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh,
p. 24)
"We are called upon by our beloved Master in His Will and
Testament not only to adopt it [Bahá’u’lláh’s new world order] unreservedly,
but to unveil its merit to all the world. To attempt to estimate its full
value, and grasp its exact significance after so short a time since its
inception would be premature and presumptuous on our part. We must trust to
time, and the guidance of God’s Universal House of Justice, to obtain a clearer
and fuller understanding of its provisions and implications.…"
(Letter dated 23 February 1924, published in Bahá’í
Administration, p. 62)
"As to the order and the management of the spiritual affairs
of the friends, that which is very important now is the consolidation of the
Spiritual Assemblies in every center, because on these fortified and unshakable
foundations, God’s Supreme House of Justice shall be erected and firmly
established in the days to come. When this most great Edifice shall be reared
on such an immovable foundation, God’s purpose, wisdom, universal truths,
mysteries and realities of the Kingdom, which the mystic revelation of Bahá’u’lláh
has deposited within the Will and Testament of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá, shall gradually be revealed and made manifest."
(Letter dated 19 December 1923—translated from the Persian)
Statements such as these indicate that the full meaning of
the Will and Testament of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá,
as well as an understanding of the implications of the World Order ushered in
by that remarkable document can be revealed only gradually to men’s eyes, and after the Universal House of Justice has come into
being. The friends are called upon to trust to time and to await the guidance
of the Universal House of Justice, which, as circumstances require, will make
pronouncements that will resolve and clarify obscure matters.
The third group of queries raised by the friends concerns
details of functioning of the Universal House of Justice in the absence of the
Guardian, particularly the matter of expulsion of members of the House of
Justice. Such questions will be clarified in the Constitution of the House of
Justice, the formulation of which is a goal of the Nine Year Plan. Meanwhile
the friends are informed that any member committing a “sin injurious to the
common weal,” may be expelled from membership of the House of Justice by a
majority vote of the House itself. Should any member, God forbid, be guilty of
breaking the Covenant, the matter would be investigated by the Hands of the
Cause of God, and the Covenant-breaker would be expelled by decision of the
Hands of the Cause of God residing in the Holy Land, subject to the approval of
the House of Justice, as in the case of any other believer. The decision of the
Hands in such a case would be announced to the Bahá’í world by the Universal
House of Justice.
We are certain that when you share this letter with the
friends and they have these quotations from the Scriptures and the Writings of
the Guardian drawn to their attention, their doubts and misgivings will be
dispelled and they will be able to devote their every effort to spreading the
Message of Bahá’u’lláh, serenely confident in the power of His Covenant to
overcome whatever tests an inscrutable Providence may shower upon it, thus
demonstrating its ability to redeem a travailing world and to upraise the
Standard of the Kingdom of God on earth.
With loving greetings,
[signed: The Universal House of Justice]
(Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1963-1986)